What Is Diaspora

What Is Diaspora Diaspora is a community of people from the same homeland who have been scattered or have migrated to other lands. While most often associated with the Jewish people expelled from the Kingdom of Israel in the 6th century BCE, the diaspora of many ethnic groups is found around the world today. Diaspora Key Takeaways A diaspora is a group of people who have been forced from or chosen to leave their homeland to settle in other lands.People of a diaspora typically preserve and celebrate the culture and traditions of their homeland.Diaspora may be created by voluntary emigration or by force, as in the cases of wars, slavery, or natural disasters. Diaspora Definition The term diaspora comes from the Greek verb diaspeirÃ…  meaning â€Å"to scatter† or â€Å"to spread about.† As first used in Ancient Greece, diaspora referred to people of dominant countries who voluntarily emigrated from their homelands to colonize conquered countries.  Today, scholars recognize two kinds of diaspora: forced and voluntary. Forced diaspora often arises from traumatic events such as wars, imperialistic conquest, or slavery, or from natural disasters like famine or extended drought. As a result, the people of a forced diaspora typically share feelings of persecution, loss, and desire to return to their homeland. In contrast, a voluntary diaspora is a community of people who have left their homelands in search of economic opportunity, as in the massive emigration of people from depressed regions of Europe to the United States during the late 1800s. Unlike diaspora created by force, voluntary immigrant groups, while also maintaining close cultural and spiritual links to their countries of origin, are less likely to wish to return to them permanently. Instead, they take pride in their shared experience and feel a certain social and political â€Å"strength-in-numbers.† Today, the needs and demands of large diaspora often influence government policy ranging from foreign affairs and economic development to immigration.   The Jewish Diaspora The origins of the Jewish diaspora date to 722 BCE, when the Assyrians under King Sargon II conquered and destroyed the Kingdom of Israel. Cast into exile, the Jewish inhabitants were scattered throughout the Middle East. In 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE, Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II deported large numbers of Jews from the Kingdom of Judah but allowed them to remain in a unified Jewish community in Babylon. Some of the Judean Jews chose to flee to Egypt’s Nile Delta. By 597 BCE, the Jewish diaspora was scattered among three distinct groups: one in Babylon and other less-settled parts of the Middle East, another in Judaea, and another group in Egypt. In 6 BCE, Judea came under Roman rule. While they allowed the Judeans to retain their Jewish king, the Roman governors maintained real control by restricting religious practices, regulating trade, and imposing ever-higher taxes on the people. In 70 CE, the Judeans launched a revolution which ended tragically in 73 BCE with the Roman siege of the Jewish fort of Masada. After destroying Jerusalem, the Romans annexed Judaea and drove the Jews from Palestine. Today, the Jewish diaspora is spread throughout the world. The African Diaspora During the Atlantic Slave Trade of the 16th to 19th centuries, as many as 12 million people in Western and Central Africa were taken captive and shipped to the Americas as slaves. Made up mainly of young men and women in their childbearing years, the native African diaspora grew rapidly. These displaced people and their descendants greatly influenced the culture and politics of the American and other New World colonies. In reality, the massive African diaspora had begun centuries before the slave trade as millions of Sub-Saharan Africans migrated to parts of Europe and Asia in search of employment and economic opportunity. Today, descendants of the native African diaspora maintains and celebrates its shared culture and heritage in communities around the world. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, nearly 46.5 million people of the African diaspora lived in the United States in 2017. The Chinese Diaspora The modern Chinese Diaspora began in the mid-19th century. During the 1850s to the 1950s, large numbers of Chinese workers left China in search of jobs in Southeast Asia. From the 1950s through the 1980s, wars, starvation, and political corruption in mainland China shifted the destination of Chinese diaspora to more industrialized areas including North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Driven by the demand for cheap manual labor in these countries, most of these migrants were unskilled workers. Today, the growing Chinese diaspora has evolved into a more advanced â€Å"multi-class and multi-skilled† profile needed to satisfy the demands of the high-tech globalized economy. The current Chinese diaspora is estimated to consist of some 46 million ethnic Chinese living outside China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. Sources Vertovec, Steven. The Political Importance of Diasporas. Migration Policy Institute. (June 1, 2005).â€Å"Ancient Jewish History: The Diaspora† Jewish Virtual Library.â€Å"National African-American History Month: February 2017† U.S. Census Bureau.â€Å"Chinese Diaspora Across the World: A General Overview† Academy for Cultural Diplomacy.

How to Become a Shot Essay Guru

How to Become a Shot Essay Guru How to Become a Short Essay Guru It doesn’t matter what subject you have: eventually you will be asked to complete a written assignment to show professor how easily you master the topic. While homework and coursework are quite brief and straight to the point, it may be quite confusing to write an essay. When a student gets an assignment to complete a short essay, he becomes quite happy but ‘short’ doesn’t mean ‘simple’ and often becomes a bigger problem. This article aims to help you to avoid all the underwater stones and complete a short essay you can be proud of. The main challenge of a short essay is that you need to limit your ideas and arguments to a certain number of words, remaining thoughtful and deep at the same time. Below is a list of requirements, which you need to follow not depending on a type of a short essay you have to complete. Create an outline When you receive a task for the first time, especially if you need to choose a topic on your own, it is easy to get lost in a huge amount of information you have to process. In such a case, it is useful to create an outline and write down all the thoughts and ideas, which you want to include to your text. When you already know what to write about and are ready to start, don’t forget to divide your thoughts into corresponding paragraphs and parts, which will make the whole text smooth and understandable. Your short essay should consist of a one-paragraph long introduction, body of three paragraphs and a one-paragraph conclusion. Introduction When it comes to a short essay, introduction section becomes even more important, as it is usually not more than a couple of sentences long. You need to make them clear and catchy, persuading the reader to continue. The first sentence should include the main ideas of the whole paper and encourage the audience to go on reading. The last sentence should contain your thesis statement. It reflects the problem for the whole essay, which should be arguable and thought evoking. Body The main three paragraphs of your whole short essay should be devoted to the body. It contains main information on the topic, supported by evidence, various facts and credible information. Every paragraph should start with an argument or a statement, following with its supportive facts. Remember to use various constructions to make your language fluent and smooth. In addition, never forget about the formatting style, as it will significantly increase your grades. It is useful to include quotes and facts but don’t forget to properly cite them and provide credible sources. The body paragraphs should contain all the necessary facts but still be readable and smooth, not overwhelming the reader with excessive information. Conclusions The final paragraph is your chance to present the obtained results, so you need to provide all the information in a couple brief sentences, summing up your whole work. First, you need to show how the body paragraphs correspond with your thesis statement, and then make a conclusion to close the raised question. It doesn’t mean that your conclusions should represent the same thoughts. Try to offer a new outlook on the topic and promote fresh ideas. If your introduction aims to stir the interest, your conclusions should satisfy the reader and close the topic. Proofreading It doesn’t matter how great your short essay is: if it contains mistakes, you are doomed to obtain low grades and redo it all over again. Make sure you edit and proofread your essay after competing it to eliminate lexical, grammatical and orthographical mistakes. Correcting all the errors will make your essay flawless and won’t distract the reader from your thoughts and ideas.

Greek Default of Sovereign debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Greek Default of Sovereign debt - Essay Example For some, such as the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area), regional integration is based on establishing free trade zones. For others, such as the AU (African Union) and the EU (European Union), regional integration is based on political and economic cooperation (Sore, 2010). With the trend of regional and global integration, one of the emerging concepts is sovereign debt borrowing. Under this concept, a country can borrow a loan from another country or institutions. For example, a country that is experiencing financial problems such as growing budget deficits has the option of sovereign debt to address the problem. Some of these institutions include the World Bank, EU, and IMF (International Monetary Fund). Foreign debts are supposed to be paid as per the agreement. However, there have been cases of defaults in repayment. Usually, a country that is unable to repay its foreign debts on the agreed date can renegotiate the deal for an extension. The renegotiation option is not always a guarantee. A foreign debt default can cause adverse implications for the affected countries. In the past, such defaults have resulted in military invasions such as when the US occupied Haiti in 1915 (Huang, 2014). There have various foreign debt defaults since 2000. Some of these include: Apart from these cases, one of the largest and most recent foreign debt default occurred in 2012. Greece defaulted on its $138 billion foreign debt, which became the all-time biggest foreign debt default (Huang, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth analysis of the Greece sovereign default. The paper will present a detailed discussion of how the default came to be, what factors and actors contributed to it, the reactions of different stakeholders, the lessons drawn, and the way forward. The paper will present a background of the Greek debt crisis,

Capital Budgeting Individual Project Assignment

Capital Budgeting Individual Project - Assignment Example Strategic planning is important to the future success of a business enterprise. Capital budgeting is one of the ways that can help a company achieve its long term success through proper planning. Lack of good road map that a strategic plan provides, may lead to misallocation of company resources through addressing short-term issues. This would in turn compromise the long term needs of the company. Necessary Information Sparklin Automotive Company (SAC) has been a successful company within the automotive manufacturing industry, operating since the last eight decades. The company has come up with an innovative idea to launch a new spark plug which offers an enhanced mileage to vehicles i.e. up to 100,000 miles. In order to initiate the new spark plug production, the company needs to set up a new manufacturing plant which would need to be analyzed financially in order to consider it viable for SAC. The entire setup would require information pertaining to the cash inflows and the cash ou tflows that would occur as a result of carrying out the production of the new spark plugs. The financial information that would be needed should only include the relevant costs that would only be attributed as a result of carrying out the new spark plug production. ... owing data would be used to evaluate the capital project: The new spark plug plant would need an initial investment of $1 billion in 2013, which would further be followed by another $500 million investment in 2014. The cash inflows that are expected as a result of this investment are: $300 million (2015), $350 million (2016), $385 million (2017), $400 million (2018), $450 million (2019), and $500 million (2020). All of these expected inflows are considered to be after-tax inflows. It is also expected that the new plant would not attract any Capital Gains; hence no tax savings would be gained. SAC’s current cost of capital is 10%. Capital budgeting The firm’s senior financial officers are faced with two important tasks in a firm. One of the tasks is to make decisions for improving the company’s return on equity. The other task is to find adequate funds for investment opportunities that may arise (Dayananda, 2002). Capital budgeting is the process in which a busine ss management determines whether projects such as long-term investment or building a new plant are worth undertaking. Basically, business should pursue all opportunities and projects that will increase shareholder’s value. However, because of limited nature of capital available for new projects, management needs to implement capital budgeting techniques to determine which will result to high return on a given period of time. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Weighted Average Cost of Capital is the calculation of a firm’s cost of capital that involves proportionate weighting of each and every category of capital. When calculating the firm’s weighted average cost of capital, all capital stock such as preferred stock, common stock, bonds, and any other long-term debt are all included. The formula

Economic Order and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Economic Order and Democracy - Essay Example For this reason especially, experiments with various kinds f worker ownership have increased sharply in the United States in the past two decades as a response to the problems f capital flight, runaway shops, bureaucratic waste in the managerial sector, and industrial decline. In the Progressive era, when theologians such as Rauschenbusch and Temple made the case for economic democracy, there were few examples f cooperative ownership or decentralized social ownership to which they could point. But today there are thousands f worker-owned firms in the United States and, though they have been characteristically slow in rising to the challenge, many American unions have begun to bargain for worker ownership, worker control over pension funds, and worker management rights. These developments are not yet, but have the potential to become, the building blocks f a genuine movement for economic democracy. (Krimerman 1-4) The Mondragon cooperatives in the Basque region f Spain offer one instructive example f economic democracy at work. In the 1950s a Catholic priest, Jose Maria Arizmendi, inspired a group f students to launch a cooperative stove factory (Ulgor) that quickly grew into a network f foundries incorporated as agricultural cooperatives. Mondragon has since grown into a highly successful and diversified network f worker-owned enterprises that are democratically managed on the basis f cooperative membership. Between 1966 and 1975, sales rose from $47 million to $336 million, and in the 1980s Mondragon became Spain's largest exporter f durable goods. In over forty years, it has witnessed only two closings. The Mondragon cooperatives employ over 100,000 workers in an integrated network f more than 125 financial, industrial, and service companies in virtually every economic sector, including robots and mass transit. Mondragon contains over 75 industrial firms, an agricultural cooperative, five schools, a technical college, and a central bank -- the Caja Laboral Popular -- which is half-owned by its own employees and half-owned by other cooperatives. Founded in a church basement in 1958, the Caja Laboral Popular has become a bank with $2 billion in assets that specializes in making loans to cooperative firms and providing industry-specific consulting assistance. Each Mondragon worker/owner holds one share f voting stock, and profits are distributed in the form f additions to a capital account on which 6 percent interest is paid annually. Seventy percent f annual profits are distributed to worker/owners on the basis f salary scale and seniority, 10 percent are donated to charity, and the remaining 20 percent are reinvested. Because the network's worker/owners cannot withdraw money from their capital accounts until they retire, Mondragon is able to make long-term investments in expansion, diversification, research and development, and reinvestment from its accumulated capita l stock. [TM] The Mondragon network consistently outperforms comparable capitalist enterprises throughout Europe, and thus demonstrates that worker empowerment and cooperation can be turned into economic advantages. Without question, the cultural variables are daunting; it is difficult to imagine how a similarly integrated network f pure-form cooperatives could be established in individualistic

Religion - Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion - Hinduism - Essay Example By the term ‘reincarnation’, it is believed by the Hindus that the soul is eternal and it lives several lifetimes. It is further believed that the soul at times is born in the human body, at times in the animal body and often in the plant body (Holisticonline, â€Å"Reincarnation, Samsara and Karma†). Hinduism states that not only the divine reincarnations like Lord Krishna but also the pure minded saints can remember their past reincarnations. It is further believed that reincarnation provides the person with the opportunity to evolve spiritually through different important experiences that he receives during his reincarnation. He may even reach the process of realizing God. The person in this stage is called a liberated soul (Bhaskaranada, â€Å"The Vedanta Society of Western Washington†).... The effects of the Karma are evident when the person is reincarnated. This can be explained with the help of an illustration. One child may be born blind while the other may be born with a perfect body. Now, one may say that it has happened according to God’s will. However, in this note it can be said that according to Hinduism the child has born blind because of the bad deeds conducted by him in his previous incarnations. It’s the stored up Karmaphala of the person’s past birth that has caused blindness in this birth. In order to get rid of Karma or to reduce the effects of bad karma, it would be advisable to perform activities without expecting the outcome of the actions. In order to release from the Karma, it would also be better to realize God. Hinduism states that the definitive solution to life’s basic problem is to be freed from Karma and achieve freedom from the cycle of rebirth. Idea of Reincarnation The idea that reincarnation generally takes pla ce because of the unfulfilled desire really makes sense. This is so because when the people die with certain strong unfulfilled desires that can only be fulfilled on earth, then it leads to the reincarnation of that soul. Difficulties All the souls have the opportunity to experience life in different forms, i.e. either in a human body or animal and plant body. This concept of rebirth is quite difficult to understand because a human soul cannot take the form of animal or plant. For instance, a mango seed will yield a mango tree and not an apple tree. Possibilities of Continued Existence There are possibilities of continued existence of the reincarnation according to the Hindu belief. The theories have revealed that in order to accomplish the desire that was

Process Control and Improvement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Process Control and Improvement - Assignment Example Several other issues like logistics, scheduling, procurement, raw material handling, human resource management, are also involved in the process and contribute significantly to the efficiency of the system and the final cost and quality of the product. Since these processes are ongoing and cyclic in nature, any company involved in these activities should be able to effectively control these activities in order to boost its performance and business profits. The paper studies the case of Staple Foods, one of the largest foodservice companies in the world and major food caterers in the region. The problems faced by the company in its daily operations and use of process control systems for improvement and efficiency will be the subject of interest in this study. Staple Foods is well known for its assurance to quality services to the clients and its strong focus upon the growth and expansion of its business portfolio. In the food service sector, it is important to maintain efficient opera tions in production and marketing in order to survive and remain competitive in the industry. In order to achieve the targets, the company decided to integrate three plants into one and implement batch process control in its production line. This helped the company to limit the variances that existed in the production line, control the inventories, and increase its profits, (Goldsmith, 1995). 2.0 Company profile The Company – Staple Foods has been the carrier of a number of brands in the food market. The company offers some excellent food products to its customers and is well appreciated for its consistency in its quality standards. The company was formed in the year 1975 and has built a strong tradition of hard work and faith. The company specializes mainly in the oil products, sauces, soups and flavor bases that are marketed under a number of brand names. With more than 7 production units in the region, Staple foods Ltd. are trying hard to make higher margin profits for its elf. 3.0 Existing Production Process Conditions The procedure utilized in the production unit of Staple Foods is relatively complex and multifaceted which is distributed across a number of production units. The main steps that compose the production plan are – The first step consists of a detailed schedule planning done by the managers of Staple foods, in order to reduce the down time for the participant production lines. The scheduling done during this phase is mainly manual in nature. This is followed by the procurement of resources that are required by each production line in an efficient manner. The quantity, quality and time of resource procurement are very important at this point in order to maintain a steady flow of production and product quality. More often, the resources need to be shared by multiple production lines and the managers are required to plan upon this sharing aspect closely so that no shortage problems arise in case. Variability and wastage can be signif icantly eliminated in this operation step. The production takes place in batches or continuously, depending upon the market demands. The last step involved in the production is the cleaning and preparing the line of a new batch of production cycle. 4.0 Process Problems faced by the Management Controlling the processes involved in the p